SNPs

Data referred to Single Nucletide Polymorphism (SNP) are available on the 'net
Database	WEB address
A database of single nucleotide polymorphisms (Tokyo, Japan)	http://snp.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
The human gene mutation database at the Institute of Medical Genetics in Cardiff (U.K.)	http://archive.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/mg/ hgmd0.html
The Allele Frequency Database (ALFRED) from Kidd Lab, Yale University (U.S.A.)	http://alfred.med.yale.edu/alfred
EMBL - European Bioinformatics Institute (SNP-Fasta3) (Germany)	http://www.ebi.ac.uk/snpfasta3
The SNP Consortium Ltd. - Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Biomedical Research	http://snp.cshl.org
Human Genic B i-Allelic Sequences (HGBASE) (Sweden, U.K., Germany)	http://hgbase.interactiva.de
Human SNP Database	http://waldo.wi.mit.edu/SNP/human
NCBI - Single Nucleotide Polymorphism	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP
Reference: "Find SNPs Online" by Julia Boguslavsky, Drug Discovery & Development 4 , 67 - 68 (2001) "A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.4 million SNPs", Nature 409, 928 - 933 (2001)

How single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to understand disease and predict drug response Companies involved
Name	Web address
Genaissance Pharmaceuticals	www.genaissance.com
GlaxoSmithKline	www.gsk.com
Incyte Genomics	www.incyte.com
Perlegen Sciences	www.perlegen.com
PolyGenyx	www.polygenyx.com
Variagenics	www.variagenics.com
Whitehead Institute	www.genome.wi.mit.edu
Reference: "Linking variation to disease and response genes" by Malorye A. Branca, Drug Discovery & Development 5, 47 - 50 (2002)


	This picture is provided courtesy of the U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program. [The U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program and their website, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis ]

BIODEFENSE

Microarray-based methods for detecting genomic diversity among pathogens

Chips-N-SNPs

(developed by Scott A. Jackson, Food and Drug Administration, U.S.A.)